Nickel Cadmium (NiCad) and Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH)
NiCad and NiMH are similar technology with a couple notable differences. NiMH is approximately twice the capacity of its NiCad counterpart which results in a longer run-time with no additional weight or size. The other notable difference is that NiMH batteries are less prone to develop the "memory effect" problem and thus require less maintenance and conditioning. The memory effect develops when the battery is charged prior to a full discharge.
Best practice for both NiCad and NiMH batteries suggests a full discharge prior to recharging. New batteries may take one to four charge cycles to attain full capacity.
When not in use batteries will self discharge and should be stored in a cool dry place. Battery should be charged prior to it being put back into use.
Note: Not all devices can accept both NiCad or NiMH batteries.
Lithium Ion (Li-Ion)
Lithium-Ion has become the standard for portable power in many consumer devices like cell phones, camcorders, laptop computers and MP3 players. Li-Ion batteries produce the same energy as NiMH or NiCad batteries but weigh approximately 20%35% less. Another reason Li-Ion batteries have become so popular is that they do not suffer from the "memory effect" at all. They are also environmentally friendly because they don't contain toxic materials such as Cadmium or Mercury.
Li-Ion batteries prefer a partial discharge rather than a full discharge prior to recharging. Frequent full discharges should be avoided if possible.
When not in use batteries will self discharge and should be stored in a cool dry place. Battery should be charged prior to it being put back into use.
Sealed Lead Acid ( SLA) or Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA)
Unlike conventional batteries in which electrolyte can flow freely, SLA and VRLA batteries are considered a "dry cell" and do not need the specific-gravity check of the electrolyte nor the watering structurally; this makes the battery function fully and makes maintenance easy. SLA and VRLA batteries do not suffer from the memory effect.
When in normal use SLA and VRLA batteries should be charged as often as possible. Deep discharge on most brands is not suggested and may render the battery useless or at the very least shorten the life of the battery. Odyssey batteries would be an exception to this rule and are designed to handle a deep discharge better than conventional dry cell batteries.
When not in use for more than a month, SLA and VRLA batteries should be disconnected from any equipment and stored in a fully charged state. The best practice is to use a trickle charger to maintain a charge when battery is not in use. If you are not using a trickle charger shelf life is approximately 12 months, after this period of time it is recommended that the battery be fully charged prior to use or further storage.
For more information please see our Glossary, FAQ's and Recycling sections
